Informatics Publishing Limited

Nikhil Sharma ¹, K. Manivannan ¹

Affiliations
1 VIT University, IN

Abstract

This paper deals with slotted clutch plate mechanism can be used for engagement and disengagement of engine for the transmission system instead of the conventional one. This slotted clutch plate consists of slots which have bars inserted on them containing teeth which engage with teeth present on flywheel such that the teeth on flywheel apply force on clutch plate teeth to generate torque required to rotate the clutch plate. The engagement of teeth is not like meshing in gears; here teeth align such that the teeth of clutch plate obstruct the free rotation of the teeth on flywheel due to which the clutch plate teeth are pushed thus rotating the clutch plate. This paper also covers the design parameters of the slotted clutch plate and also includes the stress analysis using ANSYS.

Keywords

Slotted Clutch Plate Mechanism, Toothed Flywheel.

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M. Krishnamurthy ¹, K. Manivannan ², A. Chilambuchelvan ³, E. Rajalakshmi ⁴, A. Kannan ⁵

Affiliations
1 CSE, KCG College of Technology, Chennai - 600097, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 IT, RMK Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Thiruvallur District - 601206, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 RMK Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Thiruvallur District - 601206, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 CSE, SVCE, Sriperumbudur - 602117, Tamil Nadu, IN
5 IST, Anna University, Chennai - 600025, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Frequent item sets is one of the most investigated fields of data mining. The significant feature is to find new techniques to reduce candidate item sets in order to generate frequent item sets efficiently. This paper introduces an efficient algorithm called Enhanced Candidate Generation for Frequent item set Generation (ECG for FIG) for finding frequent item sets from large databases. The existing algorithm for frequent item set generation scan the original database more than once, use more storage space, take more processing time. The proposed algorithm gives a solution to this by representing the transactions in the database with decimal numbers instead of binary values and strings. The original database is scanned only once and is converted into an equivalent decimal value to reduce the storage space. The subset generation concept is used to generate frequent item sets. Thus the proposed algorithm reduces the scanning time, processing time and the storage space respectively. When compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm takes very less execution time and memory. When implemented the algorithm using java and tested with WEKA tool, for 400 transactions of twenty five items, ECG for FIG is taking only 800 bytes of memory and 2000000000 ns (two seconds), whereas all the other above mentioned algorithms are taking 20800 bytes of memory and more than two seconds.

Keywords

Decimal Conversion, Frequent Item Set Generation, Redundancy Elimination, Storage Space Reduction

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P. Selvamani ¹, K. Manivannan ², Jagan Mohan ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur 613 005, IN
2 Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram - 608002, IN

Abstract

Bananas and plantain is the most popular food, fruit crop both in the tropical and subtropical countries and is an important staple food especially in the African countries. In India, one of the origins of banana, the crop has surpassed the traditional dominance of mango with a total production of 19.2 million tons from an area of 5.65 lakh hectares. Bananas and plantain contribute about 33 per cent of the total fruit production in the country and is also interwoven with the socioeconomic and cultural heritage of the people of the country1. Among the varieties of banana under commercial cultivation in India "Poovan" is the popular one grown commercially in different regions due to its adaptability for high degree of drought in a perennial cropping system and is the leading commercial cultivar of Tamiinadu. Since bananas are usually picked green and ripened off the plant, there has been little incentive to study the chemical changes in the fruit during development. Lodh et al. have reported on the chemical changes in the banana fruit during various stages of development. However, literature on the changes in chemical composition of culinary or cooking type banana during development is seldom available. The present study was initiated to determine the physical and chemical composition during development of a culinary banana (Musa AAB) locally known as 'Poovan'.

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S. Tamilselvan ¹, K. Manivannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Pondicherry Engineering College, Pillaichavadyt, Pondicherry, IN

Abstract

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) cellular system that provides seamless connectivity is featured by soft handoff, which is accompanied by power control, selection diversity and rake receiver. In IS-95/CDMA-2000 based handoff schemes or systems some handoff calls unnecessarily occupy multiple channels with little contribution to the performance of handoffs. It is noted that new calls are blocked due to the channel resource shortage. In order to efficiently utilize the channel resource those extra channels occupied by handoff calls are grouped into a set called channel convertible set (CCS) by considering the relative mobility of the call. A new scheme called Channel-Conversion with Dynamic Guard channel reservation (CCDG) that reallocates those extra channels in the CCS to new handoff calls when there is no available channel in the system is proposed. According to the variation of the CCS the scheme dynamically adjusts the number of guard channels reserved exclusively for handoff, which still enhances the system performance. It is noted that the proposed scheme can significantly decrease both the number of dropped handoff calls and the number of blocked calls without degrading the quality of communication service.

Keywords

CDMA, Power Control, Handoff, Guard Channel.

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S. Tamilselvan ¹, S. Kalaiselvan ¹, K. Manivannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Pondicherry Engineering College, Pillaichavady, Pondicherry, IN

Abstract

The unbalanced traffic load in the cellular Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system occurs frequently, and it may lead to system performance deterioration. In this paper, new soft handover (SHO) algorithm with adaptive handover thresholds is proposed to resolve this problem. The basic objective of the adaptive algorithm is to modify the coverage among the serving cells based on the load distribution, and consequently attain the traffic load balancing in the service regions. According to the simulation results, the proposed algorithm can balance the traffic load and has better overall performance compared with the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) SHO algorithm with fixed handover thresholds. In particular, the new adaptive algorithm can be implemented in the UMTS system without any alteration.

Keywords

CDMA, UMTS, Soft Handoff, Load Distribution, Threshold, Coverage.

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S. Batmavady ¹, M. Tamilarasi ², K. Manivannan ³, D. N. V. Sukesh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pillaichavady, Puducherry, IN
2 Dept. of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pillaichavady, Puducherry, IN
3 Pondicherry Engineering College, IN

Abstract

Image fusion techniques are applied in various fields such as remote sensing, medical imaging, concealed weapon detection, etc. Combining two or more images of the same scene usually produces an output image which provides increased interpretation capabilities and reliable results. In image fusion, data with different specifications such as resolution, spectral and spatial coordinates are combined. Image fusion algorithm can be categorized into pixel and feature levels. Region based method is one way of achieving the feature- level fusion. Segmentation plays a vital role in this fusion process where the features of the source images are extracted first using Edge based segmentation Consequently, the Contourlet transform is applied on the different regions and the coefficients from different regions are merged separately. Finally, the fused image is obtained by performing inverse Contourlet transform. The Laplacian pyramid employed in Contourlet transform is not the perfect transform from the point of view of image fusion, since it involves down-sampling procedure which makes it shift variant. Therefore, in order to yield better performance metric in the proposed work, the Contourlet transform is modified by replacing the Laplacian pyramid by Contrast pyramid. Region based image fusion using modified Contourlet transform and the Contourlet transform are applied on various images to compare their performances. Simulation results indicate that Region Based Image Fusion using Modified Contourlet transform produces better results than Contourlet transform in terms of entropy, correlation coefficient, PSNR and average gradient.

Keywords

Contrast Pyramid, Directional Filter Bank, Image Fusion, Modified Contourlet Transform, Segmentation.

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S. Batmavady ¹, H. Rekha ², K. Manivannan ³

Affiliations
1 ECE Dept., Pondicherry Engg. College, Pillaichavady, Puducherry – 605014, IN
2 ECE Dept, Pondicherry Engg. College, Puducherry–605014, IN
3 EEE Dept. of Pondicherry Engg. College, Puducherry – 605 014, IN

Abstract

In this paper, a novel region–based image fusion technique using different wavelet transforms, that integrates multiscale image segmentation and a statistical fusion approach is considered for fusing the multisensor images. Compared to pixel-level image fusion schemes, region-based fusion schemes are less sensitive to noise. But, the region based wavelet transform technique is also vulnerable to noise, as it classifies all noise to new regions with different frequency bands. The effect of noise in the image can however be suppressed using advanced wavelet transform like dual tree complex wavelet transform and dual tree complex wavelet packet transform, which possess properties like shift invariance and directionality. In some cases, the frequency decomposition provided for the signals by the DTCWT might also be not optimal. This drawback is overcome in this paper by using the dual tree complex wavelet packet transform (DTCWPT) which provides good directionality, shift invariance and better image denoising. Performance comparison using quantitative measures like PSNR, entropy and RMSE indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method over other techniques.

Keywords

DTCWT, DTCWPT, Image Fusion, Multisensor Images, Segmentation.

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S. Batmavady ¹, R. Senthil ¹, K. Manivannan ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of ECE, Pondicherry Engg. College, Pillaichavady, Puducherry-605014, IN
2 EEE Dept., Pondicherry Engg. College, Pillaichavady, Puducherry-605014, IN

Abstract

The proposed paper presents a new approach to color image segmentation by fusing Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Atanassov's Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (A-IFS) Histon. The method proposed here does not require prior knowledge about the no. of clusters. The proposed method also calculates the threshold value automatically for segmentation. This method calculates membership values using conventional FCM and uses A-IFS Histon for calculating the no. of clusters and employs roughness index for segmentation. In the homogeneous region, the roughness index is more and is close to unity value, whereas, in the boundary region, it is small. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the proposed method yields better results against the recently developed A-IFS Histon technique.

Keywords

Atanassov's Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set, Clustering, Color Image Segmentation, FCM, Membership Values.

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K. Manivannan ¹, K. L. Shunmuganathan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Applications, RMK Engineering College, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RMK Engineering College, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

In this technological world not all devices and applications understand the data the other devices produce. Many a times to use all the information or data that the different devices have produced is not possible. Much tactical information when combined can be of immense use to the organization as such. The Naval ships that patrol the coast line generate a large number of tactical data .This data when taken as an individual component may not be of much help to that ship or fleet. Integration of data that are of different format and mode is not an easy task. In this paper we propose the use of agents in the field of multi platform data fusion.

Keywords

Decentralized Architecture, Data Fusion, Agent Technology, Jade.

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R. Rajathy ¹, R. Gnanadass ¹, K. Manivannan ¹, Harish Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, IN
2 Department of Physics, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, IN

Abstract

In a competitive electric power market, the knowledge of available transfer capability (ATC) can help power marketers,sellers and buyers in planning, operation and reserving transmission services. Capacity Benefit Margin is an important factor in the calculation of ATC. In this paper, a new algorithm using Differential Evolution is proposed to calculate CBM. Monte Carlo method is used to calculate necessary loss of load indices. The proposed algorithm is tested on Practical Indian utility 62 bus test system. The results of proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). It is found that DE yields better results than PSO.

Keywords

Total Transfer Capability (TTC), Differential Evolution (DE), Capacity Benefit Margin (CBM), Loss-of-Load Expectation (LOLE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

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A. Premkumar , K. Manivannan , J. Ashok Kumar , C.R. Raja Vignesh

Abstract

In  the logistics  and  supply  chain,  the  traditional  supply  of  goods  is  based  on  established agreements  between  manufacturers  and  suppliers.    Orders  are  made  in  advance  and tracking   is   done   by   various   stakeholders   in   the   supply   chain,   i.e.,   assembly   lines, manufacturers  and  logistics  managers.    With  the  use  of  smart  technologies  such  as  active RFID  (executable  codes  in  tag),  it  is  possible  to  envision  that  goods  may  be  transported without  human  intervention  from manufacturers to suppliers. Warehouses  will  become completely automatic with goods moving in and out; forwarding of the goods will be made, using  intelligent  decisions  based  on  information  received  via  readers  and  positioning systems  to  optimise  transiting  routes The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) has become the most popular term through the widespread of its applications such as greenhouse and telemedicine monitoring. Actually, building IoT systems requires an accurate infrastructure planning. Furthermore, management and security of these systems are considered as the most important challenges facing system developers. As security will be a fundamental enabling factor of most IoT applications, mechanisms must also be designed to protect communications enabled by such technologies. This survey analyses existing protocols and mechanisms to secure communications in the IoT, as well as open research issues. We analyse how existing approaches ensure fundamental security requirements and protect communications on the IoT, together with the open challenges and strategies for future research work in the area. This is, as far as our knowledge goes, the first survey with such goals. In this paper, the traditional techniques are studied and evaluated. Accordingly, analysis and design of innovative general purpose system, which protect the IoT resources such as devices and data against hacking or stealing, are proposed.

Keywords

Internet of Things, End-to-End Security, Network Security, QoS, Internetworking.

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G. Samlindsujin ¹, P. Karuppaiah ¹, K. Manivannan ¹, K. Saravanan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram (T.N.), IN

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, during the period 2014 - 2015 to asses the correlation and path co-efficient analysis of 60 genotypes of brinjal for yield and shoot and fruit borer tolerance. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among the sixteen morphological characters studied, number of long styled flowers per plant (8.803), number of short styled flowers per plant (5.403), number of fruits per plant (3.099), fruit weight (0.757), days to first harvesting (0.133) and shoot and fruit borer incidence (0.082) showed positive direct effect in path co-efficient analysis. Positive correlation was recorded for fruit weight (0.885), fruit girth (0.644) and number of fruits per plant (0.622). Therefore, these characters are important which may be included in selection criteria for improvement in fruit yield per plant as well as tolerance to shoot and fruit borer incidence.

Keywords

Brinjal, Correlation, Direct and Indirect Effects, Path Analysis, Shoot and Fruit Borer Tolerance.

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G. Samlindsujin ¹, P. Karuppaiah ¹, K. Manivannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram (T. N.), IN

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, during the period 2014 - 2015 to asses the extent of genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path co-efficient analysis of 60 genotypes of brinjal for yield and shoot and fruit borer tolerance. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. From the analysis of data, it can be concluded that the maximum phenotypic and genotypic variation was noted for fruit yield per plant (67.94 and 67.27%) followed by fruit weight (50.70 and 50.41%), fruit girth (30.72 and 29.88%), number of fruits per plant (29.99 and 29.79%) followed by shoot and fruit borer incidence (21.59 and 21.37%). High heritability along with high estimates of GCV, genetic advance and genetic gain was observed for fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, number of secondary branches per plant and shoot and fruit borer incidence. Among the sixteen morphological characters studied, number of long styled flowers per plant (8.803), number of short styled flowers per plant (5.403), number of fruits per plant (3.099), fruit weight (0.757), days to first harvesting (0.133) and shoot and fruit borer incidence (0.082) showed positive direct effect in path co-efficient analysis. Positive correlation was recorded for fruit weight (0.885), fruit girth (0.644) and number of fruits per plant (0.622).

Keywords

Brinjal, Variability, Heritability, Correlation, Path Analysis, Shoot, Fruit Borer Tolerance.

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S. Tamilselvan ¹, K. Manivannan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry-605014, IN
2 Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry-605014, IN

Abstract

The paper proposes joint power and rate assignment algorithm (JPRA) to deal with multirate soft handoffs in mixed size Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) cellular systems. The JPRA algorithm is designed in a co-operative two-phased process. The JPRA algorithm contains a link proportional power allocation scheme and an evolutionary computing rate assignment method to determine an appropriate allocation of transmission power and service rate for multirate SHOs. It can achieve good power balancing among cells. LPPA is a multi-site transmission mechanism, which distributes the power in proportion to link qualities between a SHO user and all base transceiver stations (BTS) in its active set. ECRA method performs optimal rate allocation for multi-rate SHO users.

Keywords

WCDMA, Transmission Power, Soft Handoff, Multirate, Cellular System, Base Station.

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